Jurnal Demokrasi dan Politik Lokal

Democratic Regression in Brazil under the Bolsonaro Presidency

Patrick Ziegenhain — 2024-08-02

In this paper we analysed the quality of democracy during the presidency of Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro between 2018 and 2022. Our research question was whether an erosion of democracy, or more precisely a reduction of the quality of Brazilian’s democracy, took place during that time or not. To answer these questions, we used relevant democracy criteria as analytical tools. Methodologically, this study we conducted a thorough literature review and an expert interview with a Brazilian social scientist. As a result, we concluded that based on the findings in the fields of vertical accountability, political rights, civil liberties, and horizontal accountability there was indeed a decline of democratic quality during Bolsonaro’s presidency.

Tinjauan Terhadap Demokrasi dalam Konteks Masyarakat: Literatur Riview Sistematis

Fery Auzatas Sa'di — 2024-08-05

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan tinjauan menyeluruh dan sistematis dari artikel-artikel yang berkaitan dengan demokrasi masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode review literatur sistematis dengan 640 artikel ilmiah dari databse scopus. Aplikasi Vosviewer digunakan sebagai alat bantu untuk melihat dan menganalisis artikel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga kata kunci yaitu: rakyat, negara, dan pendidikan. Masyarakat menunjukkan peran individu dalam sistem demokrasi, sementara negara menunjukkan aspek negara sebagai entitas demokratis. Seperti yang ditunjukkan oleh pendidikan, peran pendidikan sangat penting dalam pembentukan dan pemeliharaan demokrasi. Selain itu, demokrasi masyarakat sangat penting untuk melindungi hak asasi manusia dari penyalahgunaan kekuasaan. Hasil penelitian ini berkontribusi membantu pengembangan studi masyarakat demokrasi. Keterbatasan penelitian ini hanya menggunakan artikel dari database Scopus saja. Sehingga penelitian berikutnya diharapkan untuk memperluas cakupan dengan memasukkan artikel ilmiah dari database internasional terkemuka lainnya, seperti Web of Science dan Dimensions Scholars. Hal ini akan memberikan pandangan yang lebih luas dan mendalam tentang ide-ide tentang demokrasi masyarakat, yang akan memperkaya pemahaman kita tentang pengaruh demokrasi masyarakat di seluruh dunia.

Egypt's Post-Arab Spring Revolution Explanation for Democratisation Failure

Maryam Jamilah — 2024-08-05

The Arab Spring phenomena fueled international confidence in the Middle East's democratization process. The democratic election of Muhammad Morsi (Muslim Brotherhood) as President of Egypt was one of the Arab Spring Revolution's most significant victories. However, on July 3, 2013, General Abdul Fattah Al-Sisi, the Head of Egypt's Armed Forces, conducted a coup to topple Morsi's rule. That action is incompatible with democratic principles. The failure of this democratization process is the primary subject of this research. The purpose of this article is to understand the contributing causes to Egypt's democratization failure following the Arab Spring movement of 201. The author explains the phenomena using a qualitative technique with Miles and Huberman's descriptive-analysis methodology, as well as three theories: Seymour Lipset's modernization theory, Huntington's political actor theory, and Philip C. Schmitter's international environment theory. This report discovered that three causes contributed to Egypt's democratization failure: a lack of economic conditions, a relationship between the MB (Muslim Brotherhood) and Salafis, a lack of international backing, and GCC state meddling.

Islamisme Utopian di Indonesia Pasca Orde Baru: Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) dan Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia (MMI)

Deni Angela — 2024-08-05

This research analyses the development of the Post-New Orde utopian Islamist movement. In addition, this is interesting because the door to reform opened the activities of various groups, including Islam, and to considered a utopia idea in Indonesia. Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia and Majelis Mujahid Indonesia describe representatitves of this group experienced a decline in activities after experiencing familiar terrorism. Meanwhile, the author’s research method carried use to a literature study using data from books, journals, and magazines as a guide during the research. In this research, the author discusses the history of HTI and MMI, especially regarding the beginnings and content of the thoughts of these two organizations as well as history. Apart from that, the author also adds that the content of HTI rejects democracy for various reasons, such as different in goals, function, and perceived secular teachings which are packaged in the form of a comparison table with democratic elections. In addition, the author gives an analysis and explanation of the activities of the two Islamic organizations in the form of da’wah methods, mobilization movements, and the ambitious utopia, that provides existence in Indonesia.